PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI KARET YANG BERKELANJUTAN MENGGUNAKAN PROSES OKSIDASI LANJUTAN: SEBUAH TINJAUAN
Keywords:
Advanced Oxidation Processes, Limbah Industri Karet, Radikal Hidroksil, Ozonasi, UV/H₂O₂, Fenton
Abstract
Air limbah industri karet merupakan salah satu jenis limbah refraktori yang mengandung senyawa organik kompleks, berwarna gelap, dan sulit terdegradasi secara biologis, sehingga sering kali tidak dapat diolah secara efektif dengan proses konvensional. Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) menawarkan pendekatan yang menjanjikan melalui pembentukan spesies oksidatif sangat reaktif, terutama radikal hidroksil (·OH), yang mampu mengoksidasi dan memineralisasi polutan persisten menjadi senyawa yang lebih sederhana dan kurang beracun. Ulasan ini membahas prinsip, mekanisme, dan kinerja berbagai teknologi AOPs seperti Radikal hidroksil, ozonasi, UV/H₂O₂, dan Fenton dalam konteks pengolahan air limbah industri, dengan penekanan khusus pada limbah cair industri karet. Integrasi AOPs dengan proses biologis dan fisikokimia lainnya dalam sistem hibrida juga dibahas sebagai strategi untuk meningkatkan biodegradabilitas, efisiensi energi, dan keberlanjutan proses. Selain itu, kajian ini mengidentifikasi tantangan utama dalam implementasi skala besar, seperti biaya investasi, konsumsi energi, dan kebutuhan kontrol proses yang ketat, serta menyoroti peran kebijakan dan inovasi teknologi dalam mendorong adopsi AOPs. Secara keseluruhan, AOPs berpotensi menjadi teknologi kunci untuk pengolahan limbah industri karet yang berkelanjutan dan mendukung pencapaian tujuan pengelolaan kualitas air.
References
Amor, C.; Marchão, L.; Lucas, M.S.; Peres, J.A. Application of Advanced Oxidation Processes for the Treatment of Recalcitrant Agro-Industrial Wastewater: A Review. Water 2019, 11, 205.
Boczkaj, G.; Fernandes, A. Wastewater treatment by means of advanced oxidation processes at basic pH conditions: A review. Chem. Eng. J. 2017, 320, 608–633.
Brennan, S.E.; et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021, 372, n71
Della-Flora, A.; Wilde, M.L.; Lima, D.; Lima, E.C.; Sirtori, C. Combination of tertiary solar photo-Fenton and adsorption processes in the treatment of hospital wastewater: The removal of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products. J. Environ. Chem.Eng. 2021, 9, 105666.
Dian Sari Dewi , Heru Eko Prasetyo , Elfi Karnadeli . 2020. PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI KARET REMAH (CRUMB RUBBER) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN REAGEN FENTON. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31851/redoks.v5i1.4120
Dong, C.; Fang, W.; Yi, Q.; Zhang, J. A Comprehensive Review on Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). Chemosphere 2022, 308, 136205.
Gavrilescu, M.; Demnerová, K.; Aamand, J.; Agathos, S.; Fava, F. Emerging Pollutants in the Environment: Present and Future Challenges in Biomonitoring, Ecological Risks and Bioremediation. New Biotechnol. 2015, 32, 147–156.
Jorge Alejandro Silva. 2025. Advanced Oxidation Process in the Sustainable Treatment of Refractory Wastewater: A Systematic Literature Review. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17083439
Jamil, T. Role of Advance Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in Textile Wastewater Treatment: A Critical Review. Desalination WaterTreat. 2024, 318, 100387.
Kah Chun Ho, Yui Moon Chen, Pretibaa - Subhramanyun. Treatment of rubber industry wastewater review: Recent advances and future prospects. • April 2023 Journal of Water Process Engineering. DOI : 10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.103559
Liu, L.; Chen, Z.; Zhang, J.; Shan, D.; Wu, Y.; Bai, L.; Wang, B. Treatment of Industrial dye wastewater and pharmaceutical residue wastewater by advanced oxidation processes and its combination with nanocatalysts: A review. J. Water Process Eng. 2021, 42, 102122.
Tuty Emilia Agustina, Elon Jefri Sirait , Herman Silalahi. 2017. TREATMENT OF RUBBER INDUSTRY WASTEWATER BY USING FENTON REAGENT AND ACTIVATED CARBON. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v79.11872
Malia Laila Nabila Adhi Yuniarto. 2025. KAJIAN PENERAPAN METODE ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS (AOPS) PADA PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR DI INDONESIA. DOI https://doi.org/10.12962/purifikasi.v23i2.458
UNEP. Global Water Shortages Are Looming. Here Is What Can Be Done About Them. United Nations Environmental Program. 2024. Available online: https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/global-water-shortages-are-looming-here-what-can- be-done-about-them (accessed on 9 March 2025).
Mousset, E.; Loh, W.H.; Lim, W.S.; Jarry, L.; Wang, Z.; Lefebvre, O. Cost comparison of advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment using accumulated oxygen equivalent-criteria. Water Res. 2021, 200, 117234.
Rajesh Banu, J.; Merrylin, J.; Kavitha, S.; Yukesh Kannah, R.; Selvakumar, P.; Gopikumar, S.; Kumar, G. Trends in Biological Nutrient Removal for the Treatment of Low Strength Organic Wastewaters. Curr. Pollut. Rep. 2021, 7, 1–30.
Yang, Z.; Qian, J.; Shan, C.; Li, H.; Yin, Y.; Pan, B. Toward Selective Oxidation of Contaminants in Aqueous Systems. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2021, 55, 14494–14514.
Ponnusami, A.B.; Sinha, S.; Ashokan, H.; Paul, M.V.; Hariharan, S.P.; Arun, J.; Pugazhendhi, A. Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) Combined Biological Process for Wastewater Treatment: A Review on Advancements, Feasibility and Practicability of Combined Techniques. Environ. Res. 2023, 237, 116944.
Thakur, A.K.; Kumar, R.; Kumar, A.; Shankar, R.; Khan, N.A.; Gupta, K.N.; Arya, R.K. Pharmaceutical Waste-Water Treatment via Advanced Oxidation Based Integrated Processes: An Engineering and Economic Perspective. J. Water Process Eng. 2023, 54, 103977.
United Nations. Goal 6: Ensure Availability and Sustainable Management of Water and Sanitation for All. United Nations Sustainable Development. Available online: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/water-and-sanitation/ (accessed on 4 April 2025).
Li, J.Y.; Hu, R.; Shan, L.; Liu, Z.Q.; Yang, S.Q.; Yang, J.; Cui, Y.H. Effect of Operating Conditions and Water Matrix on the Performance of UV Combined Electrochemical Process for Treating Chloride-Containing Solution and Its Reaction Mechanism. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2022, 286, 120465.
Spiniello, I.; De Carluccio, M.; Castiglione, S.; Amineva, E.; Kostryyukova, N.; Cicatelli, A.; Rizzo, L.; Guarino, F. Landfill leachate treatment by a combination of a multiple plant hybrid constructed wetland system with a solar photo-Fenton process in a raceway pond reactor. J. Environ. Manag. 2023, 331, 117211.
Mirza, N.R.; Huang, R.; Du, E.; Peng, M.; Pan, Z.; Ding, H.; Shan, G.; Ling, L.; Xie, Z. A review of the textile wastewater treatment techniques with special focus on advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), membrane separation and integrated AOP-membrane processes. Desalin. Water Treat. 2020, 206, 83–107.
Selvabharathi, G.; Kumar, A.S.; Jenefa, S.; Ginni, G.; Banu, R.J.; Yeom, I.T. Combined homogeneous and heterogeneous advanced
Moravvej, Z.; Soroush, E.; Rahimpour, M.R. Chapter 9-Achievements in hybrid processes for wastewater and water treatment. I Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2020; pp. 239–262.
Meng, T.; Sun, W.; Su, X.; Sun, P. The optimal dose of oxidants in UV-based advanced oxidation processes with respect to primary radical concentrations. Water Res. 2021, 206, 117738.
Bokare, A.D.; Choi, W. Review of iron-free Fenton-like systems for activating H2O2 in advanced oxidation processes. J. Hazard. Mater. 2014, 275, 121–135.
Keen, O.S.; McKay, G.; Mezyk, S.P.; Linden, K.G.; Rosario-Ortiz, F.L. Identifying the factors that influence the reactivity of effluent organic matter with hydroxyl radicals. Water Res. 2014, 50, 408–419.
Krishnan, S.; Rawindran, H.; Sinnathambi, C.M.; Lim, J.W. Comparison of various advanced oxidation processes used in remediation of industrial wastewater laden with recalcitrant pollutants. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering; IOP Publishing: Bristol, UK, 2017; Volume 206, p. 012089.
Mirzaei, A.; Chen, Z.; Haghighat, F.; Yerushalmi, L. Removal of pharmaceuticals from water by homo/heterogonous Fenton-type processes—A review. Chemosphere 2017, 174, 665–688.
Boczkaj, G.; Fernandes, A. Wastewater treatment by means of advanced oxidation processes at basic pH conditions: A review. Chem. Eng. J. 2017, 320, 608–633.
Brennan, S.E.; et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021, 372, n71
Della-Flora, A.; Wilde, M.L.; Lima, D.; Lima, E.C.; Sirtori, C. Combination of tertiary solar photo-Fenton and adsorption processes in the treatment of hospital wastewater: The removal of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products. J. Environ. Chem.Eng. 2021, 9, 105666.
Dian Sari Dewi , Heru Eko Prasetyo , Elfi Karnadeli . 2020. PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH INDUSTRI KARET REMAH (CRUMB RUBBER) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN REAGEN FENTON. DOI: https://doi.org/10.31851/redoks.v5i1.4120
Dong, C.; Fang, W.; Yi, Q.; Zhang, J. A Comprehensive Review on Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). Chemosphere 2022, 308, 136205.
Gavrilescu, M.; Demnerová, K.; Aamand, J.; Agathos, S.; Fava, F. Emerging Pollutants in the Environment: Present and Future Challenges in Biomonitoring, Ecological Risks and Bioremediation. New Biotechnol. 2015, 32, 147–156.
Jorge Alejandro Silva. 2025. Advanced Oxidation Process in the Sustainable Treatment of Refractory Wastewater: A Systematic Literature Review. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17083439
Jamil, T. Role of Advance Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in Textile Wastewater Treatment: A Critical Review. Desalination WaterTreat. 2024, 318, 100387.
Kah Chun Ho, Yui Moon Chen, Pretibaa - Subhramanyun. Treatment of rubber industry wastewater review: Recent advances and future prospects. • April 2023 Journal of Water Process Engineering. DOI : 10.1016/j.jwpe.2023.103559
Liu, L.; Chen, Z.; Zhang, J.; Shan, D.; Wu, Y.; Bai, L.; Wang, B. Treatment of Industrial dye wastewater and pharmaceutical residue wastewater by advanced oxidation processes and its combination with nanocatalysts: A review. J. Water Process Eng. 2021, 42, 102122.
Tuty Emilia Agustina, Elon Jefri Sirait , Herman Silalahi. 2017. TREATMENT OF RUBBER INDUSTRY WASTEWATER BY USING FENTON REAGENT AND ACTIVATED CARBON. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v79.11872
Malia Laila Nabila Adhi Yuniarto. 2025. KAJIAN PENERAPAN METODE ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS (AOPS) PADA PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH CAIR DI INDONESIA. DOI https://doi.org/10.12962/purifikasi.v23i2.458
UNEP. Global Water Shortages Are Looming. Here Is What Can Be Done About Them. United Nations Environmental Program. 2024. Available online: https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/story/global-water-shortages-are-looming-here-what-can- be-done-about-them (accessed on 9 March 2025).
Mousset, E.; Loh, W.H.; Lim, W.S.; Jarry, L.; Wang, Z.; Lefebvre, O. Cost comparison of advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment using accumulated oxygen equivalent-criteria. Water Res. 2021, 200, 117234.
Rajesh Banu, J.; Merrylin, J.; Kavitha, S.; Yukesh Kannah, R.; Selvakumar, P.; Gopikumar, S.; Kumar, G. Trends in Biological Nutrient Removal for the Treatment of Low Strength Organic Wastewaters. Curr. Pollut. Rep. 2021, 7, 1–30.
Yang, Z.; Qian, J.; Shan, C.; Li, H.; Yin, Y.; Pan, B. Toward Selective Oxidation of Contaminants in Aqueous Systems. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2021, 55, 14494–14514.
Ponnusami, A.B.; Sinha, S.; Ashokan, H.; Paul, M.V.; Hariharan, S.P.; Arun, J.; Pugazhendhi, A. Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) Combined Biological Process for Wastewater Treatment: A Review on Advancements, Feasibility and Practicability of Combined Techniques. Environ. Res. 2023, 237, 116944.
Thakur, A.K.; Kumar, R.; Kumar, A.; Shankar, R.; Khan, N.A.; Gupta, K.N.; Arya, R.K. Pharmaceutical Waste-Water Treatment via Advanced Oxidation Based Integrated Processes: An Engineering and Economic Perspective. J. Water Process Eng. 2023, 54, 103977.
United Nations. Goal 6: Ensure Availability and Sustainable Management of Water and Sanitation for All. United Nations Sustainable Development. Available online: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/water-and-sanitation/ (accessed on 4 April 2025).
Li, J.Y.; Hu, R.; Shan, L.; Liu, Z.Q.; Yang, S.Q.; Yang, J.; Cui, Y.H. Effect of Operating Conditions and Water Matrix on the Performance of UV Combined Electrochemical Process for Treating Chloride-Containing Solution and Its Reaction Mechanism. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2022, 286, 120465.
Spiniello, I.; De Carluccio, M.; Castiglione, S.; Amineva, E.; Kostryyukova, N.; Cicatelli, A.; Rizzo, L.; Guarino, F. Landfill leachate treatment by a combination of a multiple plant hybrid constructed wetland system with a solar photo-Fenton process in a raceway pond reactor. J. Environ. Manag. 2023, 331, 117211.
Mirza, N.R.; Huang, R.; Du, E.; Peng, M.; Pan, Z.; Ding, H.; Shan, G.; Ling, L.; Xie, Z. A review of the textile wastewater treatment techniques with special focus on advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), membrane separation and integrated AOP-membrane processes. Desalin. Water Treat. 2020, 206, 83–107.
Selvabharathi, G.; Kumar, A.S.; Jenefa, S.; Ginni, G.; Banu, R.J.; Yeom, I.T. Combined homogeneous and heterogeneous advanced
Moravvej, Z.; Soroush, E.; Rahimpour, M.R. Chapter 9-Achievements in hybrid processes for wastewater and water treatment. I Current Trends and Future Developments on (Bio-) Membranes; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2020; pp. 239–262.
Meng, T.; Sun, W.; Su, X.; Sun, P. The optimal dose of oxidants in UV-based advanced oxidation processes with respect to primary radical concentrations. Water Res. 2021, 206, 117738.
Bokare, A.D.; Choi, W. Review of iron-free Fenton-like systems for activating H2O2 in advanced oxidation processes. J. Hazard. Mater. 2014, 275, 121–135.
Keen, O.S.; McKay, G.; Mezyk, S.P.; Linden, K.G.; Rosario-Ortiz, F.L. Identifying the factors that influence the reactivity of effluent organic matter with hydroxyl radicals. Water Res. 2014, 50, 408–419.
Krishnan, S.; Rawindran, H.; Sinnathambi, C.M.; Lim, J.W. Comparison of various advanced oxidation processes used in remediation of industrial wastewater laden with recalcitrant pollutants. In IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering; IOP Publishing: Bristol, UK, 2017; Volume 206, p. 012089.
Mirzaei, A.; Chen, Z.; Haghighat, F.; Yerushalmi, L. Removal of pharmaceuticals from water by homo/heterogonous Fenton-type processes—A review. Chemosphere 2017, 174, 665–688.
Published
2026-04-17
How to Cite
Rizza Fadillah Fitri. (2026). PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH INDUSTRI KARET YANG BERKELANJUTAN MENGGUNAKAN PROSES OKSIDASI LANJUTAN: SEBUAH TINJAUAN. Journal of Scientech Research and Development, 8(1), 186-205. https://doi.org/10.56670/jsrd.v8i1.1500
Section
Articles
