ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL USE OF GRAPHENE OXIDE NANOPARTICLES IN THE FIELD OF MATERIALS: BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
Progress in understanding various types of materials is a sign of progress in the field of technology.As an example; use of silicon materials; these materials boost a trilliondollar industry; aiding communications in all areas, from auxiliary equipment to space telemetry.The problems that occur are not merely technical problems but include various things.Another example, to make an automobile possible, there must be steel or other materials.This shows that human life is always related to material needs such as transportation, housing, clothing, communication and so on (Pandey et al., 2018).
Materials can be defined as raw materials processed by industry and can be obtained from local purchases, imports, or self-processing (Luo et al., 2022).In general, we must understand the difference between materials science and materials engineering.Materials science focuses on research on the relationship between the structure and function of a material as well as synthesizing new materials which can then be used by the discipline of materials engineering.Engineering materials focuses on designing systems using previously discovered materials (callister JR & Rethwisch, 2020).
As technology develops, there is research that introduces the latest technology, using nano particle materials.Nano particles have a very small size with a high surface area.So it is able to make it stronger and more reactive compared to materials that are not nano-sized particles.Nanomaterials have been used for many cases in the oil and gas industry, one of which has succeeded in proving that nanosilica injection can have an impact on increasing oil recovery in low porosity and low permeability reservoirs.(Mursyidah, Adi Novriansyah, Novia Rita, 2015).The latest research introduces two-dimensional Graphene Oxide (GO) nanomaterials made from graphite by introducing CO covalent bonds.(Dimiev & Tour, 2014).
Graphene is a type of nano-sized material that has unique properties and many advantages, so it has been widely used in various applications (Cahyani, 2018)one of which is in the world of oil and gas.Graphene or graphene is the thinnest, strongest and best new material in the world today which is formed from one layer of carbon atoms which has a hexagonal structure resembling a honeycomb.(Aziz & Tjahjono, 2022).
Graphene Oxide can optimize bonds and form composites with cement and is also able to spread into micro pores, this shows great potential to increase the degree of hydration, strength, ductility and durability of cement concrete (Peng et al., 2019).
Graphene Oxide can be obtained from several sources, one of the requirements for a material that can be used as a source of graphene oxide is that it has a high carbon content.Generally, palm oil or graphite in pencils can be used as a source to obtain graphene oxide.The choice of graphite as the basic material for pencils was because when graphene was first discovered it was from the carbon atoms of pencil graphite by Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov in 2004 using masking tape, namely the scotch tape method.Pencils contain 65% garphite, 35% clay and high levels of wax, resin and polymer binders (David et al., 2017).Meanwhile, palm oil shells were chosen as the GO production material because they have a large carbon content and low ash content (Mehlin et al., 2006).
Several examples of research on the use of graphene oxide nanomaterials are presented in Table 1.(Babak et al., 2014), which has a layer thickness of approximately 1.1 ± 0.2 nm (Schniepp et al., 2006)and has a resistivity value of 10-6 Ωcm (Neuberger et al., 2018).Mangadlao, Cao, & Advincula, 2015 also stated that graphene oxide has a function as an additive for drilling cement.Currently graphene is the newest, thinnest, strongest and superior material in the world (Aziz & Tjahjono, 2022), the strength of graphene exceeds that of steel (Syakir et al., 2015), so that it has attracted the attention of many researchers, especially when it can be used for concrete, GO has the potential to also be studied in drilling cement.Apart from that, in the study conducted by (Taha & Lee, 2015)It was found that graphene oxide also has the potential as an additive for fluid loss control and reducing heat from drilling bits.According to his research, GO is able to control the filtration loss of drilling fluid because the morphology of GO has a hexagonal pore shape so that when added to drilling mud, the filtrate will be retained in the GO hexagonal pores.
This research aims to present bibliometric analysis which can be useful for mapping ongoing research topics and trends, especially in the topic of the use of graphene oxide in the materials field, so that it is hoped that it can help further research that will be carried out.Based on several previous studies contained in table 2, it can be seen that the novelty of this article is that there is a more specific in-depth study of the topic regarding the use and application of graphene oxide, especially in the materials field.

Data Acquisition
The application used to get the required data is Publish or Perish.This application facilitates the acquisition of literature review data based on selected topics.The VOSviewer application is used to make it easier to map data visually.This application provides three visual data results: network visualization, density visualization, and overlay visualization.In creating bibliometric maps using the VOSviewer application, the frequency of keywords included in the map is mentioned at least three times in one article.If there are words that are not relevant, they will be removed from the map.The desired data can be obtained by the following steps: 1.The process of searching and sorting data using the Publish or Perish application with the Google Scholar database, 2. Bibliometric data processing can be done with Microsoft Excel, 3. The process of mapping bibliometric data can be done with the VOSviewer application, 4. Computational analysis.
The data presented in this article was obtained from journal publications indexed in Google Scholar spanning the years 2017 to 2023.There are two types of data files taken, namely (.ris) and (*.csv) formats.The file format (.ris) is used for visual data processing using the VOSviewer application with mind map results, and the file format (*.csv) is used for statistical data processing using the Microsoft Excel application with statistical graphic results.

Data analysis
The data analysis process is performance analysis and bibliometric analysis.Performance analysis was carried out using Publish or Perish and Microsoft Excel, while bibliometric analysis used the VOSviewer application.Both parts were carried out on the same day and time to reduce error factors in data acquisition and analysis.Analysis of the work was carried out by processing files (*.cvs) in Microsoft Excel, including data on the number of citations, author's name, article title, year of publication, journal name, publisher's name, h-index value, and article number relevant to the theme over a period of years.Use of the Microsoft Excel application to create graphs and tables based on data presented by Publish or Perish (number of publications per year).Bibliometric analysis is assisted by the VOSviewer application which processes data from files (.ris);This application synthesizes data and then creates a bibliometric network that can describe keywords from various relevant articles.

Publication Trends
In Figure 1, data is presented regarding the findings of articles that have been published on Google Scholar from 2017 to 2023.There are 200 articles related to the analysis of the potential use of graphene oxide.From Figure 1, it can be concluded that the publication trend regarding graphene oxide has fluctuated or there has been an increase and decrease over the last 6 years.The highest publication was in 2022 with 38 publications (19%).The lowest publication will be in 2023 (until September) with 15 publications.The largest increase in publications occurred from 2021 to 2022 with an increase of 11 publications.The largest decline in publications occurred in 2022 and 2023 with a decline in publications of 23 publications.Each cluster is represented by a colorful circle.The size of the circle is proportional to the number of times the keyword appears in the title and abstract.As a result, the size of letters and circles is determined by the frequency with which they appear.The more frequently a keyword appears, the larger the font and circle size (Donthu et al., 2021).

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Number Of Documents Published for The Keyword "Graphene Oxide"Top Articles Documents by CitationsArticle documents with more than 100 citations consist of 28 documents.The top 10 documents with the most citations are presented in detail in table 3. The most

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Author's Visualization Analysis with Graphene Oxide ResearchTopic Analysis Visualization using VosviewerVOSviewer can display bibliometric maps in three different ways: network visualization, overlay visualization, and density visualization(Nandiyanto et al., 2023).Each cluster is represented by a colorful circle.The size of the circle is proportional to the number of times the keyword appears in the title and abstract.As a result, the size of letters and circles is determined by the frequency with which they appear.The more frequently a keyword appears, the larger the font and circle size(Donthu et al., 2021).

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Network Visualization Analysis Figure 4 shows an overlay visualization between time and related research.The resulting image is more or less the same as network visualization, only different in terms of color.The colors indicate different time periods.In figure 4 the applicable time range is 2017 to 2023.From this figure we can also assess trends on related topics for further research.

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Overlay Visualization Analysis Figure 5 shows a visualization of the frequency of research.The yellower and larger the visible area, the more often the word appears in research.In Figure 5 you can see the words graphene layer, graphene quantum dot, graphene research, graphene layer, and graphene oxide in bright yellow.

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. Density Visualization of Graphene Oxide Application for Materials

Visualization Analysis of Authors with Graphene Oxide Research
A visualization of the authors' activity in graphene oxide research is shown in Figure2.A total of 1400 authors participated in research on graphene oxide.A total of 77 authors are related to research regarding the use and application of graphene oxide in the materials field.The authors who have the most documents are Liu, Zhang, and Wang, represented by a larger circle size than the others.All research is related to each other.