DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE, SOCIAL, & ECONOMY IN DEVELOPING VILLAGE (Study in Penatarsewu Village, Tanggulangin Sub-District, Sidoarjo Regency

ABSTRACT


INTRODUCTION
Development should not just be used to refer to material advancement, economic prosperity, or economic development because it is a general term.Development generally entails improvements in the economic, social, and political components of the entire society in terms of security, culture, social activities, and political institutions, according to Tayebwa (1992), who spoke at the Tanzanian Association of Sociologists National Conference (2017).While discussing the fundamentals of development at the Tanzanian Association of Sociologists National Conference (2017), Todaro and Smith (2006) held that there are three aspects of development that society should prioritize.The main objective of development is to ensure that people have access to their basic requirements, including food, clothes, shelter, health care, and education.Development's second top objective is ensuring that no one is subject to hunger, squalor, or destitution.According to Todaro and Smith, "choice" refers to the improvement of one's capacity to choose different behavioral and lifestyle options.Self-esteem is the third area of development, thus one should feel proud and dignified of their accomplishments.
The prosperity of a country is mostly influenced by three development-related elements.The first is from the viewpoint of the infrastructure.To increase economic growth, infrastructure is essential, according to Maryaningsih, Hermansyah, and Savitri (2014), who quote the World Development Report (World Bank, 1994).Areas with adequate infrastructure exhibit higher growth.The emphasis of several countries' infrastructure development initiatives was on the necessities and human connectivity, including water, power, energy, and transportation (including roads, train stations, harbors, and airports).
Infrastructure development is the first factor; social development is the second.The essential principle of development, according to Jacobs, Macfarlane, and Asokan (1997), manifests itself at various stages of social development and in a range of areas.Development is influenced by a society's capacity to organize its members' efforts and productive resources to solve opportunities and issues.
Another development involves the economy.According to Naqvi (1996), the development economy focuses on the essential elements that raise per capita income.One of the most important aspects of this process is the growth-generating reallocation of labor and capital among sectors, which is completely neglected by all iterations of the neoclassical growth theory.Increased international trade flexibility and a better grasp of market dynamics do not reduce the significance of our field to development strategy.growth economies must, however, be governed by a consequentialist ethical framework to emphasize a more equitable distribution of the rewards of economic success both domestically and internationally, as well as to encourage human growth more broadly.
The regional government plays a role in determining the success of the process of implementing government activities and development in the region, so the local government must have the authority and capacity to manage and implement regional development programs (Soares, Nurpratiwi, and Makmur, 2015).This implies that rural communities must also invest in development.Rural area development is a priority for local government.Local governments are given the authority to manage and conduct their affairs by the ideas of autonomy and co-administration under the mandate of the 1945 Constitution.The areas are given a lot of autonomy to accelerate the attainment of community welfare through enhanced services, community engagement, and empowerment.According to Law No. 23 of 2004 (Sunarso, 2006), the regions are also predicted to be able to boost competitiveness by paying respect to the values of democracy, equity, justice, privilege, and specificity as well as the potential and diversity of regions.
The importance of development is also highly valued in rural and village settings.We want to talk about one of the rural areas, which is the village.A village, as defined by Law No. 6 of 2014, Article 1 Paragraph 1, is a legal community unit with jurisdictional boundaries and the authority to control and manage the interests of the local community based on local origins and customs that are acknowledged and/or formed in the national government system and are in the district/city as defined by the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.The cornerstones of village regulation include diversity, involvement, initial autonomy, democracy, and community empowerment (Domai, 2011).
Another crucial feature of growth, especially in villages and rural regions, is the connection between infrastructure and community wealth, which depends on communication between village officials and the village community.As long as both parties can maintain open lines of communication, the implementation of the development initiatives will go smoothly and the development of the village won't be hindered.
The 18 sub-districts that makeup Sidoarjo Regency, one of the rural areas that are accelerating village development, include the Tanggulangin sub-district.Sidoarjo has grown quite swiftly, but it hasn't been distributed evenly over the region.Construction is only proceeding swiftly in the central part of the city; it is still not happening in the outlying communities.The Ministry of Village, Development of Disadvantaged Areas, and Transmigration said that there are still five villages that are regarded as being poorly neglected.Five communities are located within four subdistricts.The settlements in question are Plumbon Village, Besuki Village, Kendalpecabean Village, Jabon Village, Candi Village, Kedungbendo Village, and Penatarsewu Village in the Tanggulangin District.http://www.jawapos.com;2020.A village's performance in carrying out internal government, regional, and community activities must be evaluated for it to develop.Based on information and facts concerning the village's advantages, disadvantages, possibilities, difficulties, limitations, and even dangers, this assessment should be made.According to the Head of the Community Empowerment Division for the Empowerment of Villages for Women Empowerment and Child Protection, Family Planning (DPM P3A KB), village assessments are conducted yearly.The assessment team is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Village, Development of Disadvantaged Areas, and Transmigration.Each community is required to complete a questionnaire each year.Its subjects include community empowerment and infrastructure development for village improvement.Based on the results of the evaluation, the assessment team placed the villages into five categories: autonomous, advanced, developing, disadvantaged, and very disadvantaged.There were 322 villages in the Sidoarjo Regency; 57 of them were advanced, 189 were in the early stages of development, 71 were substandard, and five were highly substandard.
When assessing village growth, the Infrastructure Index is used to measure numerous forms of infrastructure, including roads, bridges, dams, marketplaces, apartments, and railroads.Here, the researcher gives a statistic regarding the infrastructure index for the Sidoarjo Regency.The Infrastructure Index is one of the IKUs in the Sidoarjo Regency RPJMD for 2016-2021.The Sidoarjo Regency Infrastructure Index's goals through 2021 are displayed in the table below.The Sidoarjo Regency's infrastructure index aims to achieve these objectives between 2016 and 2021, as seen in the image above.The target index number depicted in the graphic above, which represents the expansion of the Sidoarjo regency's infrastructure, is what the regent of Sidoarjo anticipates will be achieved.

Source: Data Dinamis Kabupaten Sidoarjo
The Village Ministry Regulation Number 2 of the Year 2016 about the Village Development Index lists the following five different types of village categories: Villages that can take care of their own needs, including village development, are considered independent.Even though they are reliant on the APBD and the budget of the central government, advanced and developing villages are moving toward becoming independent communities.While very undeveloped villages lack both infrastructure and empowerment, underdeveloped villages do not.
Due to a variety of causes, several settlements in the Sidoarjo Regency can be classified as developing.The first problem is infrastructure.In Penatarsewu Village, Tanggulangin District, there are many poor educational circumstances, especially in public primary schools.The second problem is a lack of community involvement in development.In this scenario, physical development is not always handled by the village council; locals can also get engaged by building village roads and fields.Another issue is the absence of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes).According to data from the Community and Village Empowerment Office, Women's Empowerment and Child Protection, and Family Planning in Sidoarjo Regency in 2017, only 42 villages had formed Village-owned business entities (BUMDes).Furthermore, there isn't a standalone village in Sidoarjo yet.This means that village development still depends on regional budget funds and central funds.
One of the sub-districts devoted to community development is the Tanggulangin subdistrict.Tanggulangin is a district in Indonesia's Sidoarjo Regency's East Java Province.The distance between the city's core and Tanggulangin, Sidoarjo's capital, is only 9 kilometers.Porong, Candi, Tulangan, the Porong sub-district in the west, the Candi sub-district in the north, and the Porong sub-district in the east are all about the Tanggulangin sub-district.The village of Penatarsewu is one of the 19 communities in the Tanggulangin sub-district.
Penatarsewu Village is one area that has been affected by the hot mudflow, also known as the Lapindo Mudflow.The hot mud flow that invaded the area during the favorable periods and supplied the pond irrigation had an impact.According to the Indeks Desa Pembangunan (IDM) Sidoarjo Regency (2019), the Penatarsewu village category is currently categorized as a developing village, in contrast to the IDM value of 0.6203.The local government of Sidoarjo Regency is responsible for directing the transformation of Penatarsewu hamlet into an independent neighborhood.The impact of the Lapindo mudflow, which persisted for 12 years, is still having an impact on the Penatarsewu community, which is still going through the recovery process.There is still more work to be done to restore the economy and social welfare of the citizens of Penatarsewu Hamlet.For example, infrastructural development is still required, including the building of sufficient public restrooms, water pumps, irrigation canals, and rivers.In addition to boosting the local economy, the Penatarsewu village residents rely on their income as producers of processed fish products like smoked bandeng and smoked mujair.However, the processing is still carried out the old-fashioned way, and marketing is inadequate.To enhance the quality of education, the citizens of Penatarsewu village are still building an early childhood education school (PAUD).
Based on the preceding summary, the author is interested to learn how well the local government has done in carrying out village development.Because of this, the author's study was given the title "Development of Infrastructure, Social, & Economy at Developing Village (Study in Penatarsewu Village, Tanggulangin District, Sidoarjo Regency)".

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Descriptive research with a qualitative methodology was used in this study.Because it is relevant to the subject, the author has chosen to investigate "Development of Infrastructure, Social, and Economy at Developing Village".Qualitative research, according to Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (2014), is a source of comprehensive and persuasive explanations and descriptions of human behavior.With qualitative data, it is feasible to maintain a chronological flow, identify the events that have ramifications, and get useful explanations.Strong qualitative data can also help researchers develop or alter the conceptual framework and move beyond the initial notion; they are more likely to lead to unintentional discoveries and new integration.Finally, well-analyzed findings from qualitative research contain the following characteristics "cannot be denied".
The place where the study is being conducted is where the researcher is gathering data to support the topic at hand.Penatarsewu Village in Tanggulangin District will serve as the site of this investigation.The Penatarsewu village type is now designated as a developing village with an IDM score of 0.6203, according to Indeks Desa Membangun in Sidoarjo Regency (2016).The hamlet is situated in one of the regions of the Sidoarjo Regency that still lacks significant social, economic, and infrastructure development for the welfare of the village community, which is why this location was chosen.
Data analysis in qualitative research is carried out both during the actual data collection process and after it has been completed.The steps in qualitative data analysis should be carried out interactively and continuously until they are finished, according to Miles and Huberman (1984), to ensure that the data is saturated.Sugiyono (2014) suggests this.In this study, researchers employed an interactive method of data analysis that included data reduction, data visualization, and conclusion generation and verification (Miles and Huberman, Saldana, 2014).For example, in this context, the development of road facilities and school infrastructure is crucial for the community to achieve a comfortable and safe way of life in carrying out daily tasks to support community activities in the form of access in mobilizing every aspect of community life.Prapti, Suryawardana, and Triyani (2015) asserted that infrastructure generally refers to public amenities produced by the national and local governments acting as public servants to support and promote a community's economic and social activities.This is because there are no working market processes.The prepared infrastructure must also be adjusted to suit the needs of each region to improve its well-being.a. Road Facilities Sufficient road infrastructure is essential since it can improve people's welfare.The regional economy can expand in an area with sufficient road infrastructure, but it can also contract in an area with inadequate or unmet demand for such infrastructure (Lestari, Riyanto, and Adiono, 2015).An area can also benefit greatly from infrastructure development since it can encourage investment in the local economy.Physical infrastructure development is essential for the growth of communities, regions, and villages in particular since it supports and facilitates people's lives and livelihoods (Agustina, 2017).
The road system in Penatarsewu Village, including the main asphalt road and the narrow aisle road leading to the residences of several communities, is generally in good condition.Due to the village's excellent road amenities, all passing modes of transportation can easily enter and exit the village's highways.The communities sell their goods outside of Penatarsewu village, notably in Sidoarjo Market, Porong Market, Porong Market, Mojokerto Market, and Reinforcement Market because smoked fish is the main source of revenue for the people.Because they are smooth asphalt roads in good shape, access roads for pick-up automobiles to pick up and deliver sale results are therefore highly straightforward and useful.

b. School
In terms of education, autonomy allows communities and institutions of higher learning the ability to design curricula based on the social and cultural assets of each location.This raises the quality of education.Everybody's requirements must be met while also effectively allowing local communities to support educational growth.Decentralization of education involves community involvement in its execution to increase the quality of educational output, particularly when promoting education in rural areas (Aswasulasikin, Dwiningrum, and Sumarno, 2015).
The school's infrastructure is generally in decent order, much as PAUD Ra'Aisyiyah 6 Penatarsewu, except for the unusable hall room for parent meetings and the additional playground for the kids to play on.There are now only a swing and a shower ball at the school.
The infrastructure of the school is in a similar condition as SDN Penatarsewu.
For classes from first to third grade, they are in good shape on the chairs, tables, school supplies, and walls.From the fourth to the sixth grades, they are in bad shape, especially the wall because the exchange of seawater air that maintains the wall moist has been harmed.There are also other items that the school does not require.For instance, a fence separating the school from a resident's home acts as its only entrance since the resident's livestock, such as chickens, can stray into the classrooms and disturb the ideal environment for learning and teaching; a parking lot for the students and teachers transportation.
The infrastructure of the school is in excellent condition, much like it was at An-Nur Islamic Boarding School.They receive reliable financial support, valuable community assistance, and a great deal of support from the general public.
The study mentioned above indicates that Penatarsewu Village's infrastructure development has progressed to the point where the bulk of the construction facilities, including those for roads or schools, are in good and sufficient condition.However, due to a lack of money and support from the village government and other parties involved, some construction facilities, particularly those in schools, are now in unsatisfactory condition.

Development of Social
In this sense, the development of the village entails helping and encouraging the local population to build the various essential local infrastructures.It also has the benefit of closing gaps and laying the foundation for sound national development and growth.How development was going was affected by the institutions of inter-communal cooperation.Institutions for inter-communal cooperation are expected to support development, including business associations, socialization (malus), community service, social clubs, religious institutions, and youth organizations (Lumintang, 2015).
Community empowerment is defined as an effort to strengthen the structural effectiveness of a just and civilized society in all spheres of life, including family life, society, the state, regions, and the global community, as well as in the fields of politics, economics, psychology, and others, given the significance of social development.Community empowerment, according to Priyono (1996) in Arsiyah (2009), should be seen as an effort to hasten and broaden efforts to combat poverty through the coordination of various development policies, programs, and initiatives at the national and local levels so that their success has a significant impact on combating poverty.
Like in the community groups in Penatarsewu village, the level of participation is sufficient to help create wholesome conditions for the welfare of the community as a whole.In addition to creating socializing activities to improve interaction with one another, the residents of Penatarsewu participate in social activities that strengthen friendship and family ties.Mr. H.Abdul Arif, the chairman of Nahdlatul Ulama, highlighted that the group's social initiatives include providing for elderly widows and orphans as well as annually offering zakat maal and zakat fitrah.They at least provide a weekly Jariyah ceremony every Thursday and Friday night as well as a manner of systematic recitation twice a month.
According to Mrs. Sunarsih, a member of the Muhammadiyah organization, social events frequently involve making decorations for wedding gifts, selling groceries, taking part in recitation exercises every Thursday, and volunteering.Additionally, they take part in cooperative activities by giving money to the neighborhood, distributing each year from the cooperative's processed cash to orphans, and making two requests for assistance from the community.
According to the research above, it can be concluded that Penatarsewu Village society has developed to the point where community empowerment as a strategy for promoting a climate of fairness and civility is being successfully implemented at family life, society, the state, and regional levels.(Purnamasari, 2015).

Development of Economy
BUMDes is expected to act as an engine for the village's economy, which serves as a center for social and business activity.By assisting in the delivery of social services, BUMDes serves the community's interests as a social institution.However, as a company, BUMDes wants profits to increase village income (Ihsan, 2018).
Penatarsewu Village has formed its own business, "Resto Apung," which also happens to be PT.Pertamina's CSR contribution, like BUMDes.For the smoke villages of Penatarsewu, Pertamina also built a chimney, a fish tendon box, and a recently made container.It will take some time and cost roughly 960,000,000 to operate The Resto Apung.The Resto Apung has been open for business for the last two months.
According to the analysis above, it can be concluded that Penatarsewu Village's economy has developed to the point where the community owns a business, illustrating the village's phase of community independence to generate additional income for the village fund where the customers are both inside and outside the village.

CONCLUSION
It is feasible to conclude the development of the physical, social, and economic infrastructure in emerging villages based on the conceptualization, findings, and discussion of the subject provided in earlier chapters.building of infrastructure Both the main asphalt road and the winding aisle road that leads to the homes of several villages are, generally speaking, in good condition.All passing modes of transportation can readily access and exit the village's streets thanks to the wellmaintained road infrastructure.Instructions (b) The physical school infrastructure in Penatarsewu Village is still largely in good shape.
Except for the hall room for parent meetings, which is still unavailable, and the additional playground for the kids to play on, the PAUD Ra'Aisyiyah 6 infrastructure is in good shape.Except for the hall room for parent meetings, which is still unavailable, and the additional playground for the kids to play on, the PAUD Ra'Aisyiyah 6 infrastructure is in good shape.Right now, the only features of the school are a swing and a shower ball.The infrastructure of the school is in fair condition, according to SDN Penatarsewu.They can be found on the walls, desks, chairs, and other furniture in first through third-grade classrooms.They are in fantastic condition.
In fourth through sixth grades, they are in bad condition, particularly the wall since the seawater air exchange that keeps the wall moist has been damaged.The school does not need things like the main entrance gate, a fence separating it from the homes of the neighbors, or a parking lot for the use of the students and teachers because some of the neighbors' livestock, like chickens, wander into the classrooms and disrupt the environment that is conducive to learning and teaching.The facilities at the An-Nur Islamic Boarding School are in fair shape.They receive a lot of financial support in addition to a lot of community assistance.
In fourth through sixth grades, they are in bad condition, particularly the wall since the seawater air exchange that keeps the wall moist has been damaged.The school does not need things like the main entrance gate, a fence separating it from the homes of the neighbors, or a parking lot for the use of the students and teachers because some of the neighbors' livestock, like chickens, wander into the classrooms and disrupt the environment that is conducive to learning and teaching.The facilities at the An-Nur Islamic Boarding School are in fair shape.They receive a lot of financial support in addition to a lot of community assistance.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Infrastructure Index in Sidoarjo Regency Year 2017 Figure 2. Components in Data Analysis (Interactive Model) "Productive economic business development" and "the development, utilization, and maintenance of economic facilities and infrastructure," one of which is the establishment and expansion of village-owned business entities (BUMDes), are areas of village development that specifically address the development of the economy, according to Ministry of Home Affairs Regulation Number 114 the Year 2014 concerning Village Development Guidelines.Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) give local authorities and citizens a platform to implement efforts for economic empowerment in a balanced way.The local economy is expected to benefit from and be propelled by the presence of the BUMDes